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Turmeric is a widely used spice valued for its color, flavor, and medicinal properties. Due to its high demand and commercial value, turmeric powder is sometimes adulterated with artificial coloring agents to enhance its bright yellow appearance. To ensure food safety and protect public health, The Diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method is a simple, sensitive, and widely […]

Colour is an important physical parameter used to assess the quality of water and one of the first characteristics noticed by consumers. The presence of colour in water may result from natural substances such as dissolved organic matter, acids leached from soil and vegetation, or from various sources including industrial effluents, sewage discharge, and agricultural

Total solids (TS) refers to all the components in a liquid food sample that remain after all the water has evaporated. This includes both dissolved solids (such as sugars, salts, and proteins) and suspended solids (like minute particles), as well as fats, minerals, and other constituents found in food. In products like milk, Total solids

Milk is a vital component of the human diet, valued for its high nutritional content, including proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Due to its widespread consumption, milk quality and purity are major public health concerns. However, milk is sometimes adulterated with substances such as starch like corn starch, wheat flour, rice flour, and arrowroot flour,potato starch etc. To

Wastewater generated from domestic, commercial, and industrial activities often contains significant amounts of oil and grease. These substances originate from sources such as food processing units, restaurants, petroleum industries and households. Oil and grease are not single compounds but a mixture of fats, oils, waxes, and hydrocarbons that are insoluble or only slightly soluble in

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) represents the amount of undissolved particles—like silt, clay, organic matter, and industrial waste—present in water. It is one of the most important parameters for assessing water quality in drinking water, wastewater, rivers, and industrial effluents.Here we tested TSS in surface water. Glassware Used in TSS Detection Procedure Prepare Filter Paper Dry

Nitrates are compounds made of nitrogen and oxygen that are commonly found in water. They can enter water sources through fertilizers used in agriculture, animal waste, sewage. Although small amounts of nitrates occur naturally, high nitrate levels can be harmful to both humans and the environment. In drinking water, excessive nitrates can be dangerous to

Saponification Value (Sap Value) testing is an important analytical method used in fats and oils products.This testing is also widely used in food analysis, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soap manufacturing to assess quality, purity, and suitability for specific applications It measures the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH), expressed in milligrams, required to completely saponify one gram

Free residual chlorine is the portion of chlorine that remains in water after the disinfection process and is available to inactivate harmful microorganisms.The iodometric method is a reliable and widely used titrimetric technique for determining free residual chlorine in drinking water and treated water supplies, ensuring effective disinfection and compliance with water quality standards. Free

Gluten is a group of proteins found mainly in wheat, barley, rye, and related grains, and it plays an important role in giving dough its elasticity, helping bread rise, and creating the chewy texture found in many baked goods. While gluten is harmless for most people, it is a serious concern for individuals with celiac