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Milk is rich in proteins, fat, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. However, due to increasing demand, milk adulteration has become a significant problem. One typical adulterant is urea, unlawfully added to milk to raise its protein content by increasing viscosity also match with natural solids-not-fat (SNF) level.Very small levels of urea are naturally found in milk […]

A vital nutrient for plants, nitrogen is a key building block of proteins. Thus, calculating total nitrogen is crucial for planning fertilizer applications and assessing soil fertility. Organic nitrogen in soil is digested with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst mixture. The nitrogen is converted into ammonium sulfate. Upon alkalization, ammonia is

Aluminum is a metal that is frequently found in natural waters. It can get into drinking water through industrial discharge, soil runoff, or the use of aluminum salts in water treatment. The detection of excess aluminum is crucial because it can have an impact on water quality. Aluminium reacts with Eriochrome Cyanine R dye in

The cleaning and sterilization of laboratory glassware is a multi-step process designed to ensure that equipment is properly clean. Proper protocols prevent cross-contamination, protect personnel from hazardous residues, and ensure the accuracy of experimental results.  Materials & Equipments needed in Cleaning & Sterilization Process of glasswares Washing method of glasswares after work(Microbiological Testing) Cleaning Procedure Empty all

For Chemical Section Clean glasswares are essential to prevent cross-contamination and chemical interference, which can give false results. The process of glassware cleaning for chemical analysis is as follows. Chemicals used in cleaning process of glasswares after chemical testing Glasswares Washing Method The used glasswares are at first rinsed thoroughly with dilute HCL to remove any inorganic stains.(see

Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honeybees from the nectar of plants. The Fiehe’s test is a simple qualitative chemical test used to detect the presence of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey. HMF is formed due to biochemical process where reaction between formic acid from bees and furfural which is formed due to biodegradation

Chemical Laboratory Section Instruments Name pH Meter TDS Cum Conductivity Meter Analytical Balance UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Turbidity Meter pH Meter Model no- Labtronics LT-150                                                  Lab Id no –PL/DPHM/01 Switch on the instrument & allow to warm for 15 minutes at room temperature(22°C-25°C)│▼Calibrate by buffer solution of pH 4.0, 7.0 & 9.0│▼Calibration ok & ready to measure